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![]() Flexibility of a joint depends on many factors, particularly the length and looseness of the muscles and ligaments due to normal human variation, and the shape of the bones and cartilage that make up the joint. Stretching is therefore an important habit to start and continue as one ages. This component becomes more important as people age and their joints stiffen up, preventing them from doing everyday tasks. Additionally, good range of motion will allow the body to assume more natural positions to help maintain good posture. Flexibility is a general component of physical fitness. Muscular Endurance (Stamina) įlexibility refers to the range of motion in a joint or group of joints, during a passive movement (passive meaning no active muscle involvement is required to hold the stretch instead gravity or a partner provides the force for the stretch). The enzymes involved in this process may actually increase by a factor of two to three after a sustained period of endurance training. Finally, endurance training increases the number of enzymes relevant to the Krebs cycle, a chemical process within muscles that allows the regeneration of ATP under aerobic conditions. ![]() It also facilitates an increase in capillary density, which enhances the fibres’ capacity to transport oxygen, and thus to create energy. In addition to this, training cardiorespiratory endurance improves aerobic capacity caused by fibre adaptation, more specifically an increase in the size of mitochondria, which enhances the ability of the fibres to generate aerobic energy. ![]() Cardiorespiratory conditioning can decrease risk factors associated with heart disease, increase vitality, increase maximum oxygen uptake, and can aid weight loss or maintenance. Improving aerobic endurance enables the heart, lungs, and muscles to do work over a longer period of time. It is also sometimes referred to as aerobic endurance or aerobic fitness. This produces significantly enhanced endurance as their muscles are better equipped to utilize it to fuel further muscular energy.Ĭardiorespiratory endurance refers to the efficiency with which the body delivers oxygen and nutrients needed for muscular activity and transports waste products from the cells. Well-trained endurance athletes are able to generate blood lactate levels that are 20-30% higher than those of untrained individuals under similar conditions. It is most commonly broken up into cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular endurance. In terms of fitness, endurance may be broken down into several types: aerobic endurance (cardiorespiratory endurance), anaerobic endurance, speed-endurance and strength-endurance. Endurance may refer to short-term-high intensity, anaerobic exercise such as sprinting-or long term, which may last hours or even days in duration, as in the case of marathons, triathlons, and ultramarathons. Thus, the longer a thing lasts, the greater the endurance. Optimum physical performance is a combination of all the components of fitness depending on the specific demands of the sport or activity, some components will require more attention than others, but each should be present as a part of an integrated training program.Įndurance is, simply put, the ability to endure, or an object or person's lasting quality. Optimal fitness is a combination of lifestyle, nutrition, habits, but it cannot be reached without an appropriate level of physical activity. The more efficient the body functions, the higher the level of fitness. The components of fitness each work together to contribute to the ability of the body to handle physical demands. Power and speed are adaptations of both training AND practice. Practice refers to activity that improves performance through changes in the nervous system. Concurrently, improvements in coordination, agility, balance, and accuracy are developed through practice. Training refers to activity that improves performance through a measurable organic change in the body. ![]() Improvements in endurance, stamina, strength, and flexibility come about through conditioning/training. Reaction time is also considered by some to be a component of motor fitness, however, some also contend that it is a type of speed, i.e. These include muscular power, speed, balance, coordination, accuracy, and agility. Following the five general components of fitness are the components of "motor" fitness, which most affect athletic performance. In most traditional circles, there are considered to be five general components of fitness: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition, although healthy body composition is most often a by-product of the other components, and is therefore not recognized in some circles as an actual "component" of fitness. ![]() The term components of physical fitness refers to the several key components required to facilitate quality overall fitness. ![]()
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